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Crowded planes: which regions have the biggest load factors.

US airlines holiday crowds
US airlines are expecting another bumper holiday season.

Planes are filling up on the back of strong passenger growth but how crowded a flight will be depends on the region in which you’re flying and whether it is a domestic or an international flight.

It turns out that Africa is the region where travellers are most likely to find an empty seat beside them and North America the least.

The global airline load factor, a reflection of the percentage of seats on a plane filled by paying passengers, hit a record for the second month in a row in March as passenger demand rose by a robust 9.5 per cent compared to March last year.

This was the biggest passenger growth in 12 months and significantly ahead of a 6.4 per cent growth in capacity, pushing up the load factor by 2.3 percentage points to set the new March record of 82.4 percent.

Traffic demand growth was particularly high in the Asia-Pacific region — 12  percent — with the Middle East (10.6 percent) and Europe (9.5 percent) close behind, according to the figures from the International Air Transport Association.

Passenger load factors varied between regions but planes in all of them were flying fuller as growth ranged from 4.4 percentage points in the Middle East to 1.3 points In Latin America.

The unsurprising leaders of the overall market load factor list were the regions in which low-cost carriers have made significant inroads.

Watch: Scary Take-off?

Heading the field was North America with a passenger load factor 85.3 percent, followed by Europe (83.9 percent) and the Asia-Pacific (82.3 percent).

At the other end of the spectrum were Africa (71.6 percent) and the Middle East (76.6 percent), although passenger traffic in the latter jumped 10.7 percent after the disruption caused last year by the ban on portable electronic devices and proposed travel restrictions to the US.

Latin America sat in the middle with a load factor of 81.3 percent.

The pecking order changed when international flights were singled out but again planes were more crowded across the board with the global load factor improving 2.9 points to 81.5 percent as traffic grew by 10.6 percent compared to March last year.

READ: Airlines renew protectionism warnings as air freight growth slumps.

European carriers proved adept at packing in passengers with an above average load factor of 84.6 percent and were followed by North American airlines at 83.5 percent.

Latin America’s international carriers came next at  81.8 percent followed by the Asia-Pacific (80.9 percent), the Middle East (76.7 percent) and Africa (71 per cent).

On Domestic routes, India (87.8 percent), the US (86.5 percent)  and China (85.2 percent) were clear leaders when it came to crowded planes. All were above the average load factor of 84 percent and significantly ahead of Japan (74.7 percent), the Russian Federation (78.1 percent) and Australia (78.9 percent).

IATA director general Alexandre de Juniac said that demand for air travel remained strong and was supported by a comparatively healthy economic backdrop and business confidence levels.

“But rising cost inputs—particularly fuel prices—suggest that any demand boosts from lower fares will moderate going into the second quarter,” he said.

Qantas planes in serious incident at Perth

Qantas

Australia’s crash investigator is examining a serious runway incursion at Perth Airport involving two Qantas 737s that forced one of the planes to abort its take-off.

The braking on the 737 that just landed on April 28 was so severe that passengers bumped their heads on the seats in front, according to frequent flyer Kylie Jenkins.

“We had just landed and were taxiing off the runway when I could see another Qantas plane taking off very close by and coming toward us and suddenly the brakes were applied and my daughter Malia bumped her head on the seat in front,” said Mrs. Jenkins.

WATCH: Reach for the sickbag!

Flight QF 567 from Sydney landed on runway 03 in the northerly direction and was told to exit the runway at taxiway Juliet 2 and then hold short of 06 before crossing it and proceeding to the terminal.

As it exited runway 03 at 2.42pm, air traffic control gave QF 582 flying to Sydney take-off clearance on runway 06 in an easterly direction.

But 20 seconds later the pilots of QF567 didn’t stop as requested and appeared to be moving to cross runway 06 into the path of the other 737.

The air traffic controller told the pilots of Sydney bound QF582 to “stop immediately, stop immediately, runway incursion ahead” and the pilots aborted the take-off.

A second later the controller tells the pilots of QF567 “you have crossed a stop bar and runway incursion – hold position.”

Mrs. Jenkins said there was no announcement from the pilots of flight QF567.

“We were stunned, most of the passengers on the left side of the plane all saw it.”

The area where the incident occurred is annotated on the En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA) as a runway incursion “hot spot”.

The Australian Transport Safety Bureau says that the holding point on taxiway Juliet 2 prior to runway 06 is marked with a runway stop bar.

However at 2.40pm in the afternoon the sun could have blinded the pilots as their 737 would have been pointed directly at its position at that time of day.

As part of the investigation, the ATSB said it will “interview the flight crews and controllers on duty in the Perth control tower, examine recorded data from both aircraft and radar, review recorded communications between the flight crews and air traffic control, and gather other relevant information.

It added that “should a critical safety issue be identified during the course of the investigation, the ATSB will immediately notify relevant parties so appropriate safety action can be taken.”

Video shows how close Air Canada came to disaster.

Air canada San Francisco NTSB NTSB
Source: NTSB

A flight arriving about four minutes before an Air Canada A320 swooped on on a crowded San Francisco International Airport taxiway reported being hampered by bright construction lights.

Four aircraft — an  Airbus A340, two Boeing 787s and a Boeing 737 — were on the taxiway awaiting takeoff clearance on July 7, 2017, when the crew of Air Canada Flight 759  mistook if for a runway.

After flying over the first aircraft on the taxiway, the plane dropped as low 59 feet above ground level — barely above the 56ft height of a Boeing 787 tail — before it began to gain height.

WATCH: Reach for the sick bag! 

The aircraft performed a go-around and returned to land safely but experts have said it could have been one of the worst catastrophes in aviation history.

This dramatic video of the event, which should be expanded to full screen, accompanied the release of more than 30 factual documents Wednesday by the US National Transportation Safety Board. The documents did not include any conclusions about the factors leading to the incident.

The Airbus A320 was arriving from Toronto with 135 passengers and five crew on board and the experienced pilots had been told to land on runway 28R. Instead, they lined up on parallel taxiway C.

Runway 28L was closed for construction at the time and the crew of an aircraft landing four minutes before the Air Canada flight reported that constructions lights were so bright they could not determine the 28L’s location.

The NTSB said the crew members of the earlier aircraft reported questioning if they were lined up with runway 28R but determined this was the case after checking lateral navigation equipment.

“They received additional confirmation about 300 feet above ground level when the captain visually acquired the painted “28R” on the paved surface of the runway,” the NTSB said.

“The captain of that flight further reported that the aircraft on taxiway C were stopped and had their taxi lights off, which ‘helped to create this misconception that taxiway C was runway 28R.”

NTSB documents show that both Air Canada pilots said they began feeling fatigued during the flight to San Francisco.

The documents show the flight had been flown by autopilot until just before the final waypoint on the approach.

At this point, the captain disconnected the autopilot and hand flew the remainder of the approach. He asked the first officer to verify the runway was clear.

READ our ratings for Air Canada.

A transcript of air traffic control voice recordings has the first officer querying lights on the runway and asking for confirmation the plane is cleared to land.

A controller replies: “Air Canada seven five nine confirmed cleared to land runway two eight right. There’s no one on runway two eight right but you. ‘

Seconds later a United Airline pilot asks: “Where ’s this guy going. He’s on the taxiway.’’

Shortly afterward, air traffic control tells the pilots to go around.

The first officer told investigators his attention was initially more inside the cockpit than out because he needed to look at a chart to set the missed approach altitude and heading.

When the captain asked him to query the control tower, he looked outside and “it didn’t look right”.

“Although he was not certain what was incorrect, he was unable to process what he was seeing, he subsequently commanded the go around to the captain by saying ‘go around go around’,” the NTSB said.

“According to the captain, that was simultaneous to him beginning the go around. During the initiation of the go around, the ATCT controller also issued go around instructions.”

 

 

Consternation as Southwest window cracks

Southwest cracked window
The cracked window. Photo: Alejandro Aguina/Twitter.

Southwest Airlines passengers received another shock Wednesday after a large crack appeared in a window just two weeks after a tragic accident saw a woman partially sucked out of a plane.

A Southwest flight traveling from Chicago Midway International Airport to Newark Liberty International Airport was forced to land in Cleveland after passengers heard a pop and large crack appeared in the window near an exit row.

None of the 81 passengers on the plane was injured and Southwest said its pilots did not request an emergency landing. There was no loss pressure.

The airline said in a statement the “potential crack” was on the outer layer of the window and that there were “multiple layers of panes in each aircraft window”.

“The aircraft has been taken out of service for maintenance review, and our local Cleveland employees worked diligently to accommodate the 81 Customers on a new aircraft to Newark,’’ it said.

“The safety of our customers and employees is our number one focus each and every day.”

Passengers on the plane told US media there was no panic and people in the row near the window moved to other seats.

“It made you nervous because something like this just happened,” passenger Paul Upshaw told the Associated Press. “We didn’t know if it was going to crack open.”

Alejandro Aguina, who posted a photo of the crack on Twitter, thanked the aircraft crew and pilots for handling the situation professionally.

“Only outside crack so we’re all safe,’’ he said.

Wells Fargo executive Jennifer Riordan died April 17 when she was partially sucked out of another Southwest plane after a window was hit by shrapnel from an exploding engine.

READ: Fan Blade missing from Southwest engine involved in shock passenger death.

Southwest has estimated a drop in sales as a result of the high-profile accident will cost it between $US50 million and $US100 million.

The engine failure also prompted regulatory authorities to order inspections of certain CFM56-7B engines used on Boeing 737s.

READ: FAA to require engine inspections after Southwest tragedy.

Airlines renew protectionism warnings as air freight growth slumps

air cargo
Photo: Alexandr Markin/Wikimedia Commons.

Airlines have again warned about global protectionism after air freight growth slumped to a   22-month low in March as businesses finished restocking and global economic trade softened.

Demand in freight-tonne kilometres rose just 1.7 percent in March compared to a year ago and was five percentage points lower than the February figure, according to the latest report by the International Air Transport Association.

Capacity rose faster than demand for the first time in 20 months, despite a reduction in growth from 6.3 percent in February to 4.4 percent in March.

“It’s normal that growth slows at the end of a restocking cycle,’’ IATA director general Alexandre de Juniac said. “That clearly has happened. “

IATA remains confident air cargo demand will still grow by 4 to 5 percent this year but de Juniac said there were headwinds.

“Oil prices have risen strongly, and economic growth is patchy,’’ he said. “The biggest damage could be political. The implementation of protectionist measures would be an own-goal for all involved—especially the US and China.”

Read: IATA warns Trump trade war could hit demand.

All regions except Latin America reported year-on-year growth declines in March.

The Asia-Pacific, which accounts for about 37 percent of the global air freight market, grew only 0.7 percent.

“Export orders in Japan and Korea have fallen in recent months and the region remains particularly exposed to the impact of protectionist measures,’’ IATA said.

Africa moved into negative territory with freight tonne kilometres down 3.4 percent in March compared to a particularly strong month last year.

IATA noted  Africa had reported the fastest growth of all regions for 17 of the last 18 months and said it would be premature to suggest this was the start of a negative trend

A 1 percent rise in Europe was partially attributed to a stronger Euro and a softening of export orders in Germany but the IATA report said the region’s seasonally-adjusted trend had been slowing in recent months.

“Middle East carriers saw growth of 0.8 percent in March compared to March 2017,’’ the report said. “This is consistent with the general weakening in regional performance over recent months, and in particular may reflect an especially strong March 2017 result.”

“North American carriers’ freight volumes expanded 3.9 percent compared to March 2017. The US inventory-to-sales ratio has risen in 2018, indicating the boost to cargo growth from restocking is over.”

Qantas halts Perth international route expansion plans

Qantas

Qantas has suspended the future growth plans of its western hub because Perth Airport refuses to allow it to use its new T3 international wing for its proposed South Africa service.

Speaking to analysts on Wednesday Qantas chief executive said that “the concept of a western hub is a great one, it has great viability, we just need a cooperative airport to help expand it.”

READ: Qantas to order more Boeing 787-9s.

“We’re obviously keeping Perth-London [non-stop] going but we’re suspending all other growth options until we have resolution on that [Perth- Johannesburg] issue.”

Qantas wants to operate four-times-weekly seasonal service between Perth and Johannesburg, to start in December from its new T3 international precinct whereas Perth Airport wishes the airline to use T1 – the main international terminal on the other side of the airport.

Qantas argues that it wants passengers from around WA and Australia to connect seamlessly with the proposed flight.

In late 2016, the state government brokered a deal between the airport and Qantas when it tipped in A$14 million to establish the international wing at the T3 / T4 complex where all the airline’s domestic flights operate.

READ: Qantas 787s smashing records 

That deal gave the green light for the Perth to London non-stop and also included the proposed Paris and Frankfurt or Berlin non-stops, the airline’s double-daily Singapore and seasonal Auckland flights.

A Perth Airport spokesman said, “we remain happy to talk to Qantas about getting the part-time Johannesburg flights going as soon as possible through T1 International, where 18 other international carriers operate.”

The spokesman added that “Perth Airport and the State needs to keep its focus firmly on developing new direct service routes to the growth areas of Asia.”

“With more than 4 billion people on our doorstep in Asian region, Tokyo, Shanghai and Mumbai offer enormous opportunities for WA.”

“This is why we will need to expand T1 International and why it is crucial to the State’s future economic prosperity.”

“We will deliver the tourism sector and the economy a greater return by prioritizing the development of new routes, as opposed to the – at best – marginal benefits of adding limited additional flights to existing routes on a seasonal basis,” the spokesman said.

However, industry observers say that during the proposed expansion of T1, the airport will lose at least two gates and might be struggling to handle additional Qantas flights.

 

AirAsia X engine failure due to unusual bird strike

AirAsia X liquidation
An AIrAsia X A330.

A medium-sized bird and a series of unfortunate events have been blamed for an AirAsia X engine failure on the Queensland Gold Coast last year.

The culprit was a masked lapwing, a bird usually weighing between 230 and 400 gms and one the Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engine was designed to handle.

But testing by the engine manufacturer found a rare combination of factors caused a fan blade tip to fracture on the AirAsia X A330 as it took off on July 3, 2017 with 357 passengers and crew on board.

READ: AirAsia X to add first aircraft since 2015.

The crew was alerted to an engine stall and a loud banging noise shortly after take-off, according to a report rleased Wednesday by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau. They followed procedures and made a PAN PAN call to alert authorities there was a problem.

The pilots upgraded the call to a MAYDAY and requested a diversion to Brisbane Airport after receiving an alert there was an engine failure and a fire. The plane landed safely and there were no injuries.

Bird remains found on the runway were found not have passed through the engine but a DNA analysis of organic material found on various parts during a detailed inspection by Rolls-Royce discovered that at least one lapwing did.

The manufacturer concluded that multiple birds had hit the fan but the damage at the tip of the fan blade was due to a single bird.

It found of material from the fan blade tip caused the fan to run out of balance when the engine was at take-off thrust and the combination of the two damaged the fan rear seal.

Fragments of the seal likely entered the engine core, causing significant damage to the compressors and resulting in a series of compressor stalls.

A problem with an oil seal as a result of a bolt unwinding prompted in an oil leak and this ignited either from frictional heat generated by seals rubbing or components moving.

The resulting fire between the front bearing housing and fan disc caused failure and melting of aluminum alloy components but was not enough to damage structural components with higher melting points.

Rolls told investigators the AirAsia X event had not been experienced during the medium bird certification test when eight birds of at least 680 gms (1.5lbs) were fired into the engine at least 168 knots.

Nor did it undermine the capability of the Trent 700 engine, which had experienced more than 430 reported birdstrikes with only five resulting in fan material loss, it added.

ATSB executive director of transport safety Nat Nagy said it was rare for a bird strike to lead to an engine failure.

“Scenario testing by the manufacturer indicates this occurrence was a rare combination of the height of the fan blade at which the birdstrike occurred, the angle the bird struck the fan blade and the aircraft and engine speeds,” he said.

“It is very unlikely a similar event would reoccur, and extremely unlikely that it would occur on multiple engines at the same time.”

Reviews of the flight data and cockpit voice recorders showed the flight crew effectively managed the unusual situation.

“Airlines still need to ensure they have robust emergency procedures in place, supported by training and regular proficiency checks, to help flight crews respond appropriately to events like this,” Nagy said.

“By following their procedures, having good communication and falling back on their training, this flight crew managed to respond appropriately and produce a safe outcome from such a rare and unexpected event,” Nagy said.

AirAsia welcomed the report and the findings on its flight crew.

“This was an unprecedented incident and, as the report confirms, the crew were well-trained and prepared to manage this rare and unexpected situation,’’ spokesman Kris Taute said.

“Safety at AirAsia has always been our number one priority. As part of this commitment, AirAsia X recently attained its Operational Safety Audit (IOSA) registration for the third consecutive time.

“IOSA certification is regarded by the industry as the global benchmark for safety management.”

One of the most dramatic examples of a bird strike occurred with 2009’s “Miracle on the Hudson” when a USAirways  Airbus A320  struck a flock of Canada geese after take-off from New York and lost all engine power.

Pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to ditch in the Hudson River with no loss of life.

 

Qantas to order more Boeing Dreamliners

Joyce
Qantas chief executive Alan Joyce Photo: Qantas

Qantas has ordered six more Boeing 787-9 Dreamliners as it heads towards another record underlying pre-tax profit of up to $A1.6 billion.

But the order will see the end of the airline’s long association with the “Queen of the Skies”, the Boeing 747 jumbo jet. The plane has been in the fleet since 1971.

The Flying Kangaroo announced the order Wednesday in a  third-quarter trading update that predicted an underlying profit before tax of $A1.55 billion to $A1.6 billion.

WATCH: Qantas’ Boeing 787 Quokka inflight 

The forecast comes as third-quarter revenue rose 7.5 percent to $A4.25 billion versus the same quarter last year.

The additional 787s are due to arrive between late 2019, when two will be delivered,  and October, 2020. The additional planes will take Qantas International’s Dreamliner fleet to 14 by the end of that calendar year.

READ: Father of the 747 dead at 95

This will allow for the accelerated retirement of its Boeing 747s, the last of which will now leave the fleet about October, 2020.

The airline currently has 10 747-400s and took the last delivery in 2003.

qantas orders Dreamliners
Qantas 747-400s in Sydney. Photo: Qantas.

“This really is the end of one era and the start of another,” Qantas Group chief executive Alan Joyce said.

READ: Qantas 787s smashing records 

“The jumbo has been the backbone of Qantas International for more than 40 years and we’ve flown almost every type that Boeing built. It’s fitting that its retirement is going to coincide with our centenary in 2020.”

The Qantas boss noted that each new version of the 747 had allowed Qantas to fly further and improve its offering to passengers.

“The Dreamliners are now doing the same thing.

“The 787 has better economics and a longer range, and its already opened up new routes like Perth to London. With a larger fleet of Dreamliners, we’ll be looking at destinations in the Americas, Asia, South Africa and Europe.

“By the end of 2020, we’ll have farewelled the 747, finished upgrading the cabins of our A380s, and welcomed our fourteenth 787. That’s a great proposition for our customers and creates some really exciting opportunities for our people.”

Cabin interiors on the new planes will be the same as its current Dreamliners with 236 seats versus 364 in the 747. The 787 has 42 business suites in 1-2-1 configuration, 28 premium economy seats in a 2-3-2 configuration and 166 economy seats in 3-3-3.

But the airline argues the reduced maintenance needs of the 787s combined with more efficient utilization and reduced payload restrictions on longer routes will mean the impact on Qantas International’s overall capacity will be negligible.

Joyce put the reduction in group capacity at about 3 percent compared with today.

He said new planes would see an increase in jobs, particularly for pilots where another 70 would be needed. Qantas also expects to invest in an additional 787 simulator to train pilots.

A key to the decision was the strong performance of the existing 787-9s in terms of relaibility and customer reaction, particularly on its new Perth-London route.

“We’ve been overwhelmed by the positive reaction we’ve had to it,” Joyce said of the new route. “Premium traffic is huge again, it’s going to make money from day one which we never have on new internatonal routes (and) which we’re really pleased about.”

Also relevant was the cost of retrofitting the 747s to improve the product if they were retained longer.

“So we made the choice of going for brand new aircraft and the business case works with even lower fuel than it is today,” Joyce said. “And certianly if fuel is higher, it really, really works.”

But Joyce also noted the airline’s strong performance had allowed it to invest in the Dreamliners.

He said the airline was on track to deliver another record full-year result despite a $A200 million increase in fuel bill for the  2018 financial year.

“We’re seeing solid results from each of our business units, which is a reflection of broadly positive trading conditions and the work we’ve done to strengthen the group.

“A large part of earnings momentum is driven by ongoing investment in customer experience.

“Improvements in aircraft interiors, rollout of free wi-fi, changes to our route network and lounge upgrades are why Qantas and Jetstar have a strong place in the market.

“We’ve also continued to broaden our earning streams with health insurance and financial services under Qantas loyalty.”

 

 

MH370 searchers still determined despite failure to find wreckage

Ocean Infinity search MH370
Photo: Ocean Infinity.

Ocean Infinity says searchers remain “absolutely determined” as it prepares to conduct a final sweep of the Indian Ocean seabed in its search for the wreckage of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370.

The high-tech search vessel leased by the company has returned to the West Australian port of Fremantle for resupply and crew rotation after searching almost 80,000 sq. km. of ocean floor at a rate of up to 1300 sq. km. per day.

 

The company said in a statement it would head back to the search area after a brief stop in Fremantle for the final phase of the search before winter weather limits its ability to continue working this year.

The sweeps have lasted about six weeks which would bring the search to the mid-June end previously indicated by the Malaysian government.

“As the team head in to port after another six weeks’ hard work, I am pleased to say our technology has performed exceptionally well throughout the search and that we have collected significant amounts of high quality data in which we have full confidence,’’ Ocean Infinity chief executive Oliver Plunkett said in a rare statement issued Monday.

“The results from the highly challenging Broken Ridge feature are particularly impressive.

“Whilst it’s disappointing there has been no sign of MH370 in the Australian Transport Safety Bureau search area and further north, there is still some search time remaining.  Everyone at Ocean Infinity remains absolutely determined for the remainder of the search.”

The Seabed Constructor deployed a fleet of eight Hugin autonomous underwater vehicles to conduct the search and has at least proven the effectiveness of its technology.

Mh370 search ends
Images captured by the Seabed Constructor’s AUVs. Photo: MH370 Response Team.

The remainder of the search will be an area which still has some chance of containing MH370 but is not the area favoured by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau, CSIRO and other experts.

However, drift modeling by the University of Western Australia  Professor Charitha Pattiaratchi indicated the priority region that needed targeting went as far north as  28°S along the 7th arc.

The Malaysian Government contract gave Ocean Infinity 90 days to find the plane in a “no cure, no fee” search that would net the company $US70m if successful. This does not include the time spent traveling to and from port to refuel and take on new crew and supplies.

Tigerair faces disruptions as pilots seek parity

Tigerair pilots redundancies

Tigerair Australia passengers could face delays and flight disruptions this weekend after pilots at the low-cost airline gave notice protected industrial action will start on Friday unless a deal can be reached in negotiations being held today and Wednesday.

The industrial action will include pilots not performing any duties not prescribed on their originally published roster, not accepting duty call outs on rostered days off or annual leave days, and refusal to fly aircraft with any permissible un-serviceability as described in the Minimum Equipment List.

Read: Merren McArthur to head up Tigerair Australia.

VIPA, which represents Tigerair pilots, said the decision to take action is not one the pilots have taken lightly.

“After more than 12 months of negotiations, we’re disappointed that the pilots have had to take industrial action to ensure they have comparable employment conditions to flying for all other major airlines in Australia,” VIPA President John Lyons said in a statement.

“But the Tigerair pilots we represent in these negotiations voted overwhelmingly to take these actions to send a clear message to the business that they are seeking significant improvements in what is being offered to them to bring their next enterprise agreement in line with basic industry standards, both in terms of pay and work-life balance.

“Tigerair pilots are simply looking for a fair deal.”

The union says that the pilots’ conditions, including a reduced number of days off and restrictions on access to rostering lifestyle benefits, is well below their peers in other Australian airlines.

Tigerair, which operates daily flights from Perth to Sydney and Melbourne, said it was currently negotiating a new enterprise agreement for pilots with the Australian Federation of Air Pilots and VIPA.

“Tigerair has plans in place to minimize any disruption to our customers including re-accommodation onto other Tigerair and Virgin Australia services,” a spokeswoman said. “We will notify customers as soon as possible via SMS/email if there is any disruption.

“Customers are advised to please plan to arrive for flights as scheduled unless otherwise notified by the airline directly.”

The airline said it was important that customers provide it with the correct details so it can contact them if needed.

 

 

 

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