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East or west – which is worse for the jet lag curse?

Qantas jet lag study Charles Perkins
Photo: Qantas

Flying east or flying west — when it comes to jet lag, which is best?

Are the slings and arrows of outrageous jet lag worse on London-Perth or Perth-London? Sydney-Dallas or Dallas-Sydney?

And does also flying north or south make any difference?

It’s a question about which many frequent flyers have strong opinions but until now evidence been largely anecdotal or based on laboratory studies.

Australian researchers working with Qantas are about to change that with a major study involving several thousand passengers across a variety of routes and aircraft.

The University of Sydney’s Charles Perkin Centre has been working with The Flying Kangaroo to study long-distance travel on its marathon Perth-London flight and in preparation for its proposed “Project Sunrise” ultra-long-haul non-stop flights from Sydney to London and New York.

A feasibility trial by the center made headlines when it found one passenger traveled on the 17-hour Perth-London flight without moving from his seat and taking a toilet break.

The business class passenger with the cast-iron bladder was apparently too comfortable to move.

Read:  New Qantas 787 record — 17 hours without a toilet break.

The next phase of the project will see scientists issue questionnaires to several thousand passengers about how hard they are hit by jet lag.

Jet lag occurs when the body clock, or circadian rhythm, is disturbed by travel across time zones. The American Sleep Association (ASA) says a rule of thumb is that the body takes one day per time zone crossed to fully recover and adjust to changes.

“The plan is to look at different durations and directions of travel — north, south, east, west — as well as different aircraft and relate that with a large cohort of thousands of passengers ultimately to the severity of jet lag,’’ Charles Perkins Centre academic director Stephen Simpson told AirlineRatings.

“That’s really significant foundational research that will help us to really start to build upon the next phase of the Dreamliner project and Project Sunrise.’’

Prof. Simpson said there was a theoretical basis for assuming the direction of travel makes a difference because the circadian clock shifts more readily in one direction than the other.

West to east is generally seen as worse because it pushes the cycles forward rather than back, according to the ASA, and people find adjusting to this harder.

“We’ll be interested to see if that’s borne out because really, other than in lab experiments where people have been kept under continuing conditions for differing periods, it hasn’t been done,’’ Prof. Simpson said. “So this is an ideal opportunity to do that.”

The jet lag study is one of a number of projects the center is planning to study with Qantas on the impact on passengers of ultra-long-haul travel.

The four main areas it is investigating are physical activity, cardio-metabolic health and nutrition, state of mind and the immune system.

That feasibility trial that discovered passengers generally moved around less than expected was principally testing out the logistics of conducting the studies. This included the suitability of various wearable monitoring devices and how to best structure questionnaires.

It looked at three different types of devices passengers could wear to record various parameters and Prof. Simpson said each had advantages and disadvantages.

“It depends what you want to do,’’ he said. “If you want to measure heartbeat or if you want to measure physical activity or you want to try and estimate sleep and rest, different devices do some of the things better than others.”

The center has also done more planning around whether long-distance travel affects the immune system and a traveler’s mental state.

 

Ten great ways to survive an 18 hour non-stop flight

Non-stop flight

Eighteen hours aloft sounds scary but here are ten great – and not so great – ways to survive a non-stop flight such as Singapore Airlines new Singapore to New York service that kicks off this Thursday.

READ more on the Future of Flying in our special section

SEE slipping into Los Angeles at sunrise 

  • Perhaps these sorts of flights, and there are more to come, should be called the “box set flights”. Game of Thrones, DCI Banks, Endeavour, Vera, Midsomer Murders or Attenborough’s endless nature documentaries. Whatever your TV passion the long non-stop flight is a great time to catch up on episodes you have missed on your iPad.
  • Singapore Airlines has added 200 hours to its KrisWorld system for this flight so there are over 1,200 hours of TV and movies. You would have to fly the route 31 times return to watch it all.Singapore medium haul A350 Adelaide
  • Or perhaps world’s longest book: Artamène ou le Grand Cyrus which as 1,954,300 words and it’s in French so bring your translator. But what about starting small with Tolstoy’s War and Peace, which comes in at 561,093.
  • As this is a luxury flight with only business and premium economy, sleep is a very real option so maybe you could tick off eight hours of slumber – leaving just 10 to account for.
  • Use the A350’s WiFi to boast to your friends about your history-making flight with the photo of the champagne and boarding pass – ensuring you hide the bar code. And take endless pictures of your food and wine and the scenery outside and post to social media.
  • Stay in touch with the office from 40,000ft just to show how keen – or crazy you are.
  • Go back to the future and play Solitaire as passengers used to before in-flight entertainment. Or get together with fellow passengers for a card game.
  • What about the story of your life? What better place to start an autobiography than over the North Pole.
  • And as you tuck into the gourmet extravaganza that is Singapore Airlines meal and wine service what about detailing your next get fit program along with all the promises you will never keep.
  • Adult coloring in books are all the rage. There is the “Secret Garden”, “Dr Who”, and the 225-page “Stress Relieving Patterns,” for starters.

 

 

 

 

Singapore Airlines is the gold standard for innovation

Singapore Airlines lauches world's longest flight
The A350-900 ULR will launch the world's longest flight

Singapore Airlines is the gold standard for airlines a leader in innovation both in the cabin and in new aircraft.

This week its re-launches the word’s longest flight from Singapore to New York with the A350-900ULR but that is just the tip of the extraordinary transformation that the airline is once again going through.

Almost every ten years the airline reinvents itself and in doing so reinvents travel.

READ our special the “Future of Flying.” 

SEE our video “Dispelling the myths about Flying” 

In the process, its choices in aircraft make and break airframe manufacturers as its evaluation process is one of the industry’s most demanding.

Its demand for Singapore to London non-stop launched the Boeing 747-400, its rejection of the planned fixes for range shortfall of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 killed that design in the early 90s, while its later rejection of the A340-300 in 1999 in favor of more Boeing 777s was a savage blow to Airbus.

Singapore Airlines Boeing 787-10
Singapore Airlines 787-10

The airline was the first to introduce the A380, and among the first major buyers of the 787 and A350 and has also ordered 777X.

And in the cabin SIA has led the airline industry for years with such innovations as free drinks and headsets back in the late 1960s, satellite phones in 1991, seatback videos for all passengers in 1995 and audio/ video on demand in 2001.

And the actual cabins themselves, over the past year, have had a dramatic makeover.

The flagship of the upgrade is the new A380s delivered from Airbus with stunning new first suites, business class, and premium economy.

Singapore Airlines expects to roll out new cabin products to its entire 20-strong – Airbus A380 fleet by 2020 as part of a $1.2 billion upgrade across its planes, aimed at reinforcing its industry leadership.

The new cabins come 10 years after SIA operated the first A380 scheduled service and are in a four-class configuration with six suites and 78 business class seats on the upper deck as well as 343 economy seats and 44 premium economy seats on the lower deck.

The upgrade is the culmination of four years’ work involving extensive customer research, customer focus groups and a partnership with designers and manufacturers.

Singapore Airlines (SIA) chief executive Goh Phoon Phong told Airlineratings.com editor Steve Creedy last year that the airline was committed to new products and a long-term approach to retaining its industry leadership position. He said this the big investment demonstrated the airline’s confidence in the future of premium full-service air travel.

“We are confident that the result will genuinely wow our customers,’’ he said.

And he is right – the impact is wow!

Part of the new makeover is the airline’s new Boeing 787-10s which feature a new lie-flat regional business class.

Singapore medium haul A350 Adelaide

In the longer term, the Singapore Airlines long-haul routes will be operated by A380s, 777-300ERs and the new A350s with the recently delivered 787-10s looking shorter range flights.

After 2020, the airline will take delivery of the 777X which will replace its 777-300ERs.

Customer feedback prompts Cathay boost to popular routes.

cathay
Image: Cathay Pacific.

Cathay Pacific says customers feedback informed its decision to boost frequencies to Frankfurt, Madrid, Tokyo and Adelaide and says more announcements are on their way.

The increases from Cathay’s Hong Kong hub see Frankfurt moving to 10 times weekly — an additional three flights a week from March 31, 2019, leaving Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays.

Cathay says a late departure allows customers to maximize their final day in Europe and the extra flights will be operated by the airline’s three-class Airbus A350-900 featuring Wi-Fi and the latest inflight entertainment system.

Adelaide gets a six weekly flight starting October 28 and a new schedule which splits the flights between overnight and morning services. The additional service will be operated by an A330-300.

The airline says the split schedule gives customers a greater choice and improved connectivity from its Hong Kong hub.

READ: Frequent flyers benefit from new Cathay. Qantas codeshare.

Madrid moves to daily Cathay flights between June and October 2019 with two additional flights on Mondays and Wednesday using A350-900s.

Popular destination Tokyo gets an additional daily non-stop from October 28.

Flight CX526 will depart Hong Kong at 0810, arriving into the Japanese capital at 1310. The return service, CX527, leaves at 1420, arriving into Hong Kong at 1845.

Cathay announced a record nine new destinations in 2018  with new routes to Brussels, Copenhagen, Dublin, Nanning, Jinan and Washington D.C. already underway and services to Cape Town, Davao City and Medan due before the end of the year.

It will also be heading to popular West Coast US destination Seattle in March 2019.

“Our customers have spoken, and we have listened,’’ Cathay said in its latest route round-up.

“Not only are we adding more and more destinations to our already expansive global network, we are also increasing the frequency of services on some of our most popular routes across three continents to give our passengers more choice and greater options.”

Future of long-range flying – no economy seats?

future flying

Is the future of long-range flying no economy seats. That is the question when Singapore Airlines re-launches its Singapore to New York non-stop this Thursday as there are no economy seats on the world’s longest non-stop commercial flight.

And on many other airlines, economy seats are being reduced on long-range aircraft as more premium economy seats are added with passengers demanding more comfort as fares drop relative to earnings.

The cost of an economy fare in 2000 now buys premium economy with all its comforts and frills.

And more and more airlines are installing Economy X or Economy plus to cater for travelers desires for more comfort.

Airbus specially developed its A350-900 for the Singapore to New York route, and it is fitted with a luxurious interior with only 67 business class seats and 94 premium economy seats.

The A350-900ULR will cover the 16,700km from Changi Airport to Newark Liberty International airport in New Jersey in 18hr 45 minutes.

READ more on the future of flying

SEE our video “Dispelling the myths of flying.”

LEARN about 747’s 50 wonderful years

That flight is 2,230km longer than the Qantas Perth to London non-stop route launched in March this year.

The first flight, SQ 22 takes off on October 11 at 11.35pm and arrives in New Jersey at 6am Friday morning.

The route will initially be served three times a week, departing Singapore on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

Future
Singapore Airlines premium economy on the A380

Daily operations will commence a week later after an additional A350-900ULR aircraft enters service.

Travel agents are reporting that the service is popular, which follows on from Qantas’s experience on the Perth to London non-stop which is 92 percent full and 94 percent in the premium cabins.

Singapore Airlines has teamed up with Canyon Ranch, one of the world’s premier integrative wellness brands, to create special cuisines and rest and relaxation programs, to enhance the long flight.

Canyon Ranch has developed science-based strategies for improved sleep, exercise and stretching, as well as new, nutrition-focused menus for the ultra-long flight.

The A350 is similar to the Boeing 787 used by Qantas is being made of a composite structure which enables a lower cabin altitude and higher humidity to reduce the impact of jet lag.

For the long flight there are two sets of pilots and after the arrival in the US, they have three days off before the return flight. And before the A350 sets off from Singapore they must have had 48 hours off.

Looking after the passengers will be 13 cabin crew and these crews get four hours off during the flight.

And to ensure everyone is entertained Singapore Airlines has added 200 hours of movies and TV content to its over 1000 hours of content.

In premium economy, passengers will get three meals during the flight, while business class will get two larger meals and a non-stop refreshment menu throughout the flight.

 

Singapore-New Zealand partnership gets green light

Singapore Air New Zealand alliance
A Singapore B777 in Wellington.

Air New Zealand’s alliance with Singapore Airlines, a partnership that  has increased seat capacity between the two countries by 25 per cent, has been given the green light for another five years.

New Zealand’s  Ministry of Transport announced Friday it had decided to extend authorization for the alliance until 2024.

“The services the airlines provide through the alliance strengthens New Zealand’s ties with our close neighbors in South East Asia and with other emerging markets throughout Asia,’’ New Zealand Transport Minister Phil Twyford said in the announcement.

“Re-authorisation of the alliance will result in more benefits to travelers.

“These benefits include a wider range of flight times, more seats and reciprocal frequent flyer schemes.’’

Both airlines welcomed the decision, which was the last regulatory step in the re-authorization process.

READ: The world’s longest flight then and now.

“Partnerships such as this have been key to successfully growing Air New Zealand’s international network and delivering important benefits to our customers,’ said Air New Zealand chief strategy, networks and alliances officer Paul Judd said.

”Singapore Airlines has been a strong alliance partner and we are excited at the opportunities the re-authorization provides our two airlines.’’

Singapore Airlines senior vice president marketing planning  Tan Kai Ping said the  the decision to re-authorize the alliance reinforced the benefits it had delivered to the New Zealand market in its first four years.

The alliance launched in January, 2015 and the airlines say it has provided travelers with greater choice and convenience.

This included the launch of a new Wellington-Singapore service via Australia in 2016, which initially flew via Canberra and now comes through Melbourne, as well as increased peak season services to Christchurch.

The carriers will be launching a third daily service between Auckland and Singapore on October 28, boosting capacity by 40 per cent on the route and adding 165,000 additional seats annually.

They say it will also shorten connection times and improve connectivity to destinations in Europe, India and Southeast Asia through the Singapore hub.

During peak months, the airlines will jointly operate a total of 35 return services a week between New Zealand and Singapore, including services from Wellington and Christchurch.

 

Philippines-Australia air travel receives a boost

Philippines Australia air travel
Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport. Photo: Mithril Cloud/Wikimedia.

Air travel between the Philippines and Australia has received a shot in the arm thanks to  an agreement between the two  countries aimed at improving trade and tourism.

Australian Transport Minister Michael McCormack announced Friday that passenger capacity between Australia and the Philippines would grow by 15 per cent in the next six months and airlines would get unlimited freight services.

McCormack said the move would strengthen Australia’s relationship with an important and growing bilateral aviation market that had expanded on average by 9.2 percent over the past five years.

“Australian and Filipino airlines will be able to operate an unlimited number of freight services, supporting two-way trade valued at more than $4 billion in 2017.

“For farmers and exporters, this means even more opportunities to access Asia’s growing markets.

“Passenger capacity entitlements will also increase by 15 per cent over the next six months to accommodate expected growth in services in the coming years.”

Both Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific fly to Australia and PAL broke new ground when it brought  the first Airbus A321neo to Australia to operate its Manila –Brisbane service in July.

Cebu and Philippine Airlines offshoot PAL Express were also recently awarded a seven star safety rating by AirlineRatings.

READ: Airline safety rating system upgraded.

McCormack also announced revised arrangements with Fiji that would incrase passenger capacity by 20 percent, the biggest increase since 1999.

Fiji is a popular holiday destination for Australians and Qantas has a stake in the national carrier, Fiji Airways.

“Whether it’s more people travelling to and from the Asia-Pacific on holiday or new opportunities for farmers and regional communities through trade with the region’s markets, this announcement will help create jobs and opportunities in communities around Australia,” McCormack said.

“It supports our tourism, trade and cultural links between Australia and Fiji. More than 388,000 passengers traveled between Australia and Fiji in the year to June, 2018.”

The government says it is continuing to pursue greater liberalization of aviation markets with key countries.

It also significantly  expanded air services arrangements between Australia and India in June 2018.

 

Virgin launches voice check-in through Amazon Alexa

virgin alexa amazon
Image: Virgin

Virgin Australia has joined the trend to adopt voice check-in by becoming the first airline outside North America to provide the service through Amazon’s Alexa.

The carrier joined Alexa in February with a promise to expand the features and says the most common question since then has been about flight status.

It also recently announced it was boosting its app with airport maps and the ability to share flight information with family and friends as it looks to develop software that can anticipate travelers’ needs.

READ maps and machine learning as Virgin app muscles up. 

From next week, Virgin passengers who have linked their Velocity membership to Alexa can say, “Alexa, ask Virgin Australia to check me in” and passengers will be sent their boarding passes to a nominated mobile number.

“Since Amazon Echo and Alexa-enabled devices launched in Australia, Virgin Australia has been exploring new ways to make it easier for our customers to travel with us through emerging technology,’’ Virgin Australia chief information officer Cameron Stone said.

“Allowing our passengers to check-in for their flight with Amazon Alexa is a very exciting addition to our existing skill in the Alexa Skills Store.

“Using technology to streamline the customer journey is a huge priority for us and we look forward to announcing some new initiatives in this space in the near future.”

Virgin Australia  passengers can now use Alexa to  obtain their flight departure time, Velocity number, flight number and booking reference.

They do this through simple voice requests such as “Alexa, ask Virgin Australia what time my flight departs.”.

Amazon only recently began operating in Australia and is still finding its feet. The company has annoyed some customers by restricting access by Australians to its vast US parent while not yet providing the same service.

United Airlines began offering the Alexa service last year and a number of carriers, including soon-to-be Virgin rival Air New Zealand, have teamed with tech giant Google to use its voice activated system.

Airlines and airports are moving to adopt technology in an attempt  to make traveling , particularly the check-in process,  easier for customers.

As well as voice recognition, they are using online chatbots, wider-ranging apps and automated check-in technologies.

Trials are also underway with facial recognition technology that would reduce or eliminate the need for separate identification and a boarding pass.

Surveys show the majority of travelers are keen to use technology to gain greater control over their journey despite some qualms about privacy.

 

The world’s longest flight: then and now

Longest flight
Singapore's A350-900ULR lifts off on the world's longest flight.

Many things on the world’s longest flight have changed since it was last operated by Singapore Airlines in 2013 but there are some that remain the same.

The flight numbers remain SQ21 and SQ22 for the ultra long-haul Singapore-New York flights that will re-launch on October are the same as flights that started more than a decade ago in 2004.

Changi and Newark’s airports remain the endpoints of the new service and it is still flown by Airbus aircraft.

SEE our “Future of Flying” special section 

And the distance of 15,700 or 16,600 kilometers (depending on direction and routing) between the two points is still harrowingly vast.

It means a journey of a little over 18 hours an average – and not 19 as currently often touted in promotional material and media.

But almost everything else has changed in the five-year period during which Singapore and New York were only linked by, at best, one-stop flights.

In 2013, the economics stopped working as rising fuel costs hit the fuel-guzzling four-engine A340-500s plying the route particularly hard.

It’s a very different case for the new twin-engine Airbus A350-900ULR, ordered by Singapore Airlines for the route.

Longest flight
Airbus A340

These will re-start US non-stop services beyond the Singapore-San Francisco route already flown by regular A350-900s. First comes the re-launch of New York, followed by Los Angeles.

Impressions from a non-stop flight from Newark to Singapore the author took in 2004 provide an interesting context to compare the old and the new ULR flights between both cities.

Whereas the A340-500 burned eight tons per hour the A350-900ULR only consumes a mere 5.8 tons per hour.

The actual route — both then and now —is determined every day by the airline’s operations center in Singapore and based on current and forecast weather data.

 

Longest flight
Photo: Andreas Spaeth

 

Fourteen years ago, at the introduction of ultra-long-haul routes, the five SIA A340-500s boasted an exclusive, enhanced “Executive Economy” cabin, similar to today’s Premium Economy offered on all of SIA’s long-haul flights.

The A340-500 cabin originally offered two classes for a total of 181 passengers, while the aircraft had a capacity for up to 313 travelers. A maximum of 64 passengers could travel in Business Class, where the seats in a 1-2-1 configuration could be made into flat beds, slightly angled at the time.

In Executive Economy, up to 113 passengers could be seated with a generous pitch of 93cms. In the very back of the cabin was a stand-up bar for Economy customers offering snacks and water.

Later, as the operation became less and less viable, SIA converted the aircraft into a 100-seat all-Business configuration. Even that didn’t turn things around during further fuel price hikes.

Today’s A350-900ULR again offers two classes, the number of Business seats (67) has only slightly changed, while standards in Premium Economy have risen so much that just  94 seats are installed in a 2-4-2 configuration offering 38’’ (96.5 cm) of pitch.

With flight durations of over 18 hours, in-flight entertainment (IFE) becomes particularly important. And here SIA has made another quantum leap.

In 2004 the A340-500 had around 400 different audio and video programmes available. Today, the A350s offer 1,000 hours of content, which are topped up by another 200 extra hours for the ultra-long flights.

 

Why flying can beat driving in terms of fuel efficiency

Rolls-Royce trent
Photo: Rolls-Royce

Get on a plane and chances are you’ll be using less fuel than when you drive your car thanks to efforts by the aviation industry to become more efficient.

Modern planes such as the Boeing 787 and Airbus A350 are about 20 percent more fuel efficient than the planes they are replacing and there are now enough technologically-advanced aircraft taking to the skies to be making a difference.

Newer aircraft families such as the Airbus A320neos, Boeing 737 MAXs, Boeing 787s and A350s now boast per-seat fuel burns of between 2 and 3 litres per 100km.

On a full aircraft — something no longer uncommon with passengers loads hitting record levels — the fuel burn  per passenger is also in this range.

READ Packed planes the new normal as airlines fill seats.

Of course, few airlines have an all-new fleet and many operate a mix that includes older, more fuel-hungry planes.

In a real world example, Europe’s giant Lufthansa Group announced earlier this year that the aircraft in its passenger fleet had set a new fuel efficiency record of 3.68 litres to transport a passenger 100 kilometres.

That was down from 3.85 litres per 100 passenger kilometres in 2016 and is about half what my modest Kia Cerato tells me I average when I drive alone.

It’s also less than the 4.2l/100km Toyota claims it gets from its latest Camry Ascent hybrid.

There are all sorts of factors that change this balance, including the number of passengers in the car, but it underscores the strides the aviation industry has made in recent decades.

This isn’t all about the environment: more efficient planes cost less to run, particularly when fossil fuel prices are rising like they are now.

Jetliners are now about 82 percent more efficient on a per-seat basis than they were during the days of the Comet 4 at the start of the jet age.

Fuel IATA efficiency aviation
Source: AirlineRatings

And manufacturers continue to tweak aircraft and engines to improve fuel consumption.

But airlines and other aviation industry players realized 10 years ago that improved aircraft alone would not be enough to give them the carbon-neutral growth they seek.

In 2008, at the height of the global financial crisis and a spike in oil prices,  industry leaders signed a world-first global declaration committing to a four-pillar action plan to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon-neutral growth.

This included investment in new technology such as advanced aircraft and biofuels as well as continuous improvements in operations.

There was also better use of infrastructure and a single global market-based measure.

“That was a daring goal,’’ International Air Transport Association director general told a sustainable aviation summit in Geneva this week.

“But with hard work and solid commitment of industry and government, carbon-neutral growth from 2020 will be a reality”

In 2009, IATA set the bar even higher with a goal to cut the industry’s net emissions to half of 2005 levels by 2050.

De Juniac noted  the Industry was already looking beyond 2020 and identified its  immediate priority as implementing a global carbon offset scheme aimed at facilitating carbon-neutral growth from 2020.

The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) was endorsed by the International Civil Aviation organization in 2016 but will initially be voluntary.

“Persuading more states to volunteer for CORSIA is important, de Juniac said.

“In tandem, we are working with governments to prevent actions that undermine the agreement, such as the unilateral implementation of environmental taxes.

“The ICAO Assembly next year provides an opportunity for governments to reaffirm CORSIA as the single global measure for aviation climate mitigation. It’s a top priority for CORSIA to be effective.”

In the longer term, de Juniac said the 50 per cent reduction in 2005 carbon emissions by 2050 would be an even greater challenge.

He predicted progress in technology, operations and infrastructure — especially air traffic management —  would match the fuel efficiency achievements of the past decade.

“We will not move forward on a consistent glide path, but we are on the right trajectory,’’ he said. “The industry is ready for the next step-change in technology in the 2030s: hybrid and electric planes, and the large-scale roll-out of sustainable fuels.”

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